Modal YSTR Haplotypes For Each Claimed Subgroup of
Y-Chromosome Haplogroup G (as of
07-May-2005)
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3 |
3 |
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3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
YC |
YC |
4 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
C |
C |
4 |
4 |
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9 |
9 |
1 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
2 |
8 |
3 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
H |
A1 |
A1 |
5 |
0 |
7 |
7 |
D |
D |
4 |
3 |
ref |
n |
mod |
3 |
0 |
9 |
1 |
5a |
5b |
6 |
8 |
9 |
9i |
2 |
9ii |
8 |
9a |
9b |
5 |
4 |
7 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
4a |
4b |
4c |
4d |
4e |
0 |
4 |
1a |
1b |
6 |
7 |
6 |
0 |
Ya |
Yb |
2 |
8 |
1 |
72 |
G |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
14 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
16 |
21 |
28 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
13 |
18 |
17 |
36 |
37 |
11 |
10 |
1 |
52 |
G2 |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
14 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
16 |
21 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
10 |
11 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
13 |
15 |
18 |
37 |
38 |
11 |
10 |
2 |
11 |
G2 |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
|
|
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
29 |
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1,2,3,4 |
110 |
G2 |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
29 |
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3 |
44 |
G2* |
14 |
21 |
15 |
10 |
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|
12 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
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3,4 |
6 |
G2a |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
|
|
11 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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4 |
1 |
G2a1 |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
16 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
31 |
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3 |
1 |
G2b |
15 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
|
|
|
12 |
12 |
13 |
11 |
30 |
|
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|
3 |
8 |
G3 |
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
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|
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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3 |
1 |
G1* |
15 |
23 |
15 |
11 |
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|
12 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
28 |
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4 |
1 |
G1 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
10 |
13 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
28 |
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3 |
4 |
G1a |
13 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
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|
12 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
30 |
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2 |
34 |
GxG2 |
13 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
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|
11 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
11 |
32 |
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3 |
1 |
G* |
13 |
23 |
16 |
10 |
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|
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
29 |
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*In the above table, "ref" = references from which data obtained to calculate each modal. Specifically, "1" is www.Ysearch.org, "2" is Behar et al. (Hum. Genet., 2004, 114:354-365), "3" is Cinnioglu et al. (Hum Genet., 2004, 114:127-148), and "4" is Butler et al., and "n" is the number of haplotypes used from these references to calculate the modals ("mod") at each DYS#. A schematic showing the SNPs that define each subgroup of haplogroup G is shown at Whit Athey's haplogroup G website. GxG2 means that the person tested positive for G (M201), but not G2 (P15).
Synopsis
The G and
G2 modals from FTDNA (Ysearch.org) are no doubt biased towards people of
Western European descent although the pre-genealogical origin of these Gs is
likely heterogeneous. In contrast, the
modals reported in the Behar publication are for people of Ashkenazi Jewish
descent and the modals found in the Cinnioglu paper are from individuals of the
area of Anatolia (primarily Turkey).
Thus, a comparison of the haplogroup G modals from these two
publications provides some insight regarding the pre-genealogical origin of Gs
found in Western Europe. A more
detailed analysis of G haplotypes in the areas of Southwest Russia and
Kazakhstan should provide further vital clues regarding the very early origin
of Gs in Europe.
From the
modals shown in the above table, it is clear that GxG2 and G2 are distinguished
at DYS390 and DYS 393. Interestingly,
these two loci are critical for distinguishing the ethnic origins of R1b and I1a. In the case of haplogroup G, a DYS393-DYS390
combination of 14-22 is by far the most abundant found in the FTDNA database
that is primarily comprised of Gs found in Western Europe. In fact, this 14-22 combination is the
overwhelming modal for all G2s found in the above 4 references, so one can
conclude that most Gs in Western Europe are G2s. In contrast, the DYS393-DYS390 modals for GxG2 are 13-23. Both G1 and G2 can be further distinguished
by comparing DYS389i and DYS389ii. In
the case of GxG2, the modal for this combo is 14-32 and for G2 it is
12-29. A more detailed statistical
comparison will be found later at this website. The Behar publication shows that Ashkenazi Jews are about 3-fold
more likely to belong to GxG2 than G2, whereas, Cinnioglu showed that
Anatolians are about 9-fold more likely to belong to G2 than GxG2.
It is also
noteworthy that the FTDNA modal at DYS390 is 22 repeats, whereas Cinnioglu
found primarily 21 repeats at DYS390, but other than that, Western European G2s
cannot be easily distinguished (yet) from Anatolian G2s. Nonetheless, this difference at DYS390 might
provide a starting point for distinguishing Western European and Anatolian G2s.
The last thing I'd like to point
out for now is that the Jewish G2s in Behar are strongly distinguished from the
FTDNA G2s at DYS 439. All of Behar's
G2s have a value of 12 or higher at DYS439, whereas, the overwhelming majority
of Gs (G2s) found at ysearch.org (FTDNA) have a value of 11 at DYS439. This observation might therefore provide a
starting point for distinguishing Israelite (or Middle Eastern) G2s from
Western European G2s.